import ctypes import itertools import logging import multiprocessing import os import pickle import textwrap import unittest from importlib import import_module from io import StringIO from django.core.management import call_command from django.db import connections from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase from django.test.utils import ( setup_databases as _setup_databases, setup_test_environment, teardown_databases as _teardown_databases, teardown_test_environment, ) from django.utils.datastructures import OrderedSet from django.utils.version import PY37 try: import ipdb as pdb except ImportError: import pdb try: import tblib.pickling_support except ImportError: tblib = None class DebugSQLTextTestResult(unittest.TextTestResult): def __init__(self, stream, descriptions, verbosity): self.logger = logging.getLogger('django.db.backends') self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) super().__init__(stream, descriptions, verbosity) def startTest(self, test): self.debug_sql_stream = StringIO() self.handler = logging.StreamHandler(self.debug_sql_stream) self.logger.addHandler(self.handler) super().startTest(test) def stopTest(self, test): super().stopTest(test) self.logger.removeHandler(self.handler) if self.showAll: self.debug_sql_stream.seek(0) self.stream.write(self.debug_sql_stream.read()) self.stream.writeln(self.separator2) def addError(self, test, err): super().addError(test, err) self.debug_sql_stream.seek(0) self.errors[-1] = self.errors[-1] + (self.debug_sql_stream.read(),) def addFailure(self, test, err): super().addFailure(test, err) self.debug_sql_stream.seek(0) self.failures[-1] = self.failures[-1] + (self.debug_sql_stream.read(),) def addSubTest(self, test, subtest, err): super().addSubTest(test, subtest, err) if err is not None: self.debug_sql_stream.seek(0) errors = self.failures if issubclass(err[0], test.failureException) else self.errors errors[-1] = errors[-1] + (self.debug_sql_stream.read(),) def printErrorList(self, flavour, errors): for test, err, sql_debug in errors: self.stream.writeln(self.separator1) self.stream.writeln("%s: %s" % (flavour, self.getDescription(test))) self.stream.writeln(self.separator2) self.stream.writeln(err) self.stream.writeln(self.separator2) self.stream.writeln(sql_debug) class PDBDebugResult(unittest.TextTestResult): """ Custom result class that triggers a PDB session when an error or failure occurs. """ def addError(self, test, err): super().addError(test, err) self.debug(err) def addFailure(self, test, err): super().addFailure(test, err) self.debug(err) def debug(self, error): exc_type, exc_value, traceback = error print("\nOpening PDB: %r" % exc_value) pdb.post_mortem(traceback) class RemoteTestResult: """ Record information about which tests have succeeded and which have failed. The sole purpose of this class is to record events in the child processes so they can be replayed in the master process. As a consequence it doesn't inherit unittest.TestResult and doesn't attempt to implement all its API. The implementation matches the unpythonic coding style of unittest2. """ def __init__(self): if tblib is not None: tblib.pickling_support.install() self.events = [] self.failfast = False self.shouldStop = False self.testsRun = 0 @property def test_index(self): return self.testsRun - 1 def _confirm_picklable(self, obj): """ Confirm that obj can be pickled and unpickled as multiprocessing will need to pickle the exception in the child process and unpickle it in the parent process. Let the exception rise, if not. """ pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(obj)) def _print_unpicklable_subtest(self, test, subtest, pickle_exc): print(""" Subtest failed: test: {} subtest: {} Unfortunately, the subtest that failed cannot be pickled, so the parallel test runner cannot handle it cleanly. Here is the pickling error: > {} You should re-run this test with --parallel=1 to reproduce the failure with a cleaner failure message. """.format(test, subtest, pickle_exc)) def check_picklable(self, test, err): # Ensure that sys.exc_info() tuples are picklable. This displays a # clear multiprocessing.pool.RemoteTraceback generated in the child # process instead of a multiprocessing.pool.MaybeEncodingError, making # the root cause easier to figure out for users who aren't familiar # with the multiprocessing module. Since we're in a forked process, # our best chance to communicate with them is to print to stdout. try: self._confirm_picklable(err) except Exception as exc: original_exc_txt = repr(err[1]) original_exc_txt = textwrap.fill(original_exc_txt, 75, initial_indent=' ', subsequent_indent=' ') pickle_exc_txt = repr(exc) pickle_exc_txt = textwrap.fill(pickle_exc_txt, 75, initial_indent=' ', subsequent_indent=' ') if tblib is None: print(""" {} failed: {} Unfortunately, tracebacks cannot be pickled, making it impossible for the parallel test runner to handle this exception cleanly. In order to see the traceback, you should install tblib: python -m pip install tblib """.format(test, original_exc_txt)) else: print(""" {} failed: {} Unfortunately, the exception it raised cannot be pickled, making it impossible for the parallel test runner to handle it cleanly. Here's the error encountered while trying to pickle the exception: {} You should re-run this test with the --parallel=1 option to reproduce the failure and get a correct traceback. """.format(test, original_exc_txt, pickle_exc_txt)) raise def check_subtest_picklable(self, test, subtest): try: self._confirm_picklable(subtest) except Exception as exc: self._print_unpicklable_subtest(test, subtest, exc) raise def stop_if_failfast(self): if self.failfast: self.stop() def stop(self): self.shouldStop = True def startTestRun(self): self.events.append(('startTestRun',)) def stopTestRun(self): self.events.append(('stopTestRun',)) def startTest(self, test): self.testsRun += 1 self.events.append(('startTest', self.test_index)) def stopTest(self, test): self.events.append(('stopTest', self.test_index)) def addError(self, test, err): self.check_picklable(test, err) self.events.append(('addError', self.test_index, err)) self.stop_if_failfast() def addFailure(self, test, err): self.check_picklable(test, err) self.events.append(('addFailure', self.test_index, err)) self.stop_if_failfast() def addSubTest(self, test, subtest, err): # Follow Python 3.5's implementation of unittest.TestResult.addSubTest() # by not doing anything when a subtest is successful. if err is not None: # Call check_picklable() before check_subtest_picklable() since # check_picklable() performs the tblib check. self.check_picklable(test, err) self.check_subtest_picklable(test, subtest) self.events.append(('addSubTest', self.test_index, subtest, err)) self.stop_if_failfast() def addSuccess(self, test): self.events.append(('addSuccess', self.test_index)) def addSkip(self, test, reason): self.events.append(('addSkip', self.test_index, reason)) def addExpectedFailure(self, test, err): # If tblib isn't installed, pickling the traceback will always fail. # However we don't want tblib to be required for running the tests # when they pass or fail as expected. Drop the traceback when an # expected failure occurs. if tblib is None: err = err[0], err[1], None self.check_picklable(test, err) self.events.append(('addExpectedFailure', self.test_index, err)) def addUnexpectedSuccess(self, test): self.events.append(('addUnexpectedSuccess', self.test_index)) self.stop_if_failfast() class RemoteTestRunner: """ Run tests and record everything but don't display anything. The implementation matches the unpythonic coding style of unittest2. """ resultclass = RemoteTestResult def __init__(self, failfast=False, resultclass=None): self.failfast = failfast if resultclass is not None: self.resultclass = resultclass def run(self, test): result = self.resultclass() unittest.registerResult(result) result.failfast = self.failfast test(result) return result def default_test_processes(): """Default number of test processes when using the --parallel option.""" # The current implementation of the parallel test runner requires # multiprocessing to start subprocesses with fork(). if multiprocessing.get_start_method() != 'fork': return 1 try: return int(os.environ['DJANGO_TEST_PROCESSES']) except KeyError: return multiprocessing.cpu_count() _worker_id = 0 def _init_worker(counter): """ Switch to databases dedicated to this worker. This helper lives at module-level because of the multiprocessing module's requirements. """ global _worker_id with counter.get_lock(): counter.value += 1 _worker_id = counter.value for alias in connections: connection = connections[alias] settings_dict = connection.creation.get_test_db_clone_settings(str(_worker_id)) # connection.settings_dict must be updated in place for changes to be # reflected in django.db.connections. If the following line assigned # connection.settings_dict = settings_dict, new threads would connect # to the default database instead of the appropriate clone. connection.settings_dict.update(settings_dict) connection.close() def _run_subsuite(args): """ Run a suite of tests with a RemoteTestRunner and return a RemoteTestResult. This helper lives at module-level and its arguments are wrapped in a tuple because of the multiprocessing module's requirements. """ runner_class, subsuite_index, subsuite, failfast = args runner = runner_class(failfast=failfast) result = runner.run(subsuite) return subsuite_index, result.events class ParallelTestSuite(unittest.TestSuite): """ Run a series of tests in parallel in several processes. While the unittest module's documentation implies that orchestrating the execution of tests is the responsibility of the test runner, in practice, it appears that TestRunner classes are more concerned with formatting and displaying test results. Since there are fewer use cases for customizing TestSuite than TestRunner, implementing parallelization at the level of the TestSuite improves interoperability with existing custom test runners. A single instance of a test runner can still collect results from all tests without being aware that they have been run in parallel. """ # In case someone wants to modify these in a subclass. init_worker = _init_worker run_subsuite = _run_subsuite runner_class = RemoteTestRunner def __init__(self, suite, processes, failfast=False): self.subsuites = partition_suite_by_case(suite) self.processes = processes self.failfast = failfast super().__init__() def run(self, result): """ Distribute test cases across workers. Return an identifier of each test case with its result in order to use imap_unordered to show results as soon as they're available. To minimize pickling errors when getting results from workers: - pass back numeric indexes in self.subsuites instead of tests - make tracebacks picklable with tblib, if available Even with tblib, errors may still occur for dynamically created exception classes which cannot be unpickled. """ counter = multiprocessing.Value(ctypes.c_int, 0) pool = multiprocessing.Pool( processes=self.processes, initializer=self.init_worker.__func__, initargs=[counter], ) args = [ (self.runner_class, index, subsuite, self.failfast) for index, subsuite in enumerate(self.subsuites) ] test_results = pool.imap_unordered(self.run_subsuite.__func__, args) while True: if result.shouldStop: pool.terminate() break try: subsuite_index, events = test_results.next(timeout=0.1) except multiprocessing.TimeoutError: continue except StopIteration: pool.close() break tests = list(self.subsuites[subsuite_index]) for event in events: event_name = event[0] handler = getattr(result, event_name, None) if handler is None: continue test = tests[event[1]] args = event[2:] handler(test, *args) pool.join() return result def __iter__(self): return iter(self.subsuites) class DiscoverRunner: """A Django test runner that uses unittest2 test discovery.""" test_suite = unittest.TestSuite parallel_test_suite = ParallelTestSuite test_runner = unittest.TextTestRunner test_loader = unittest.defaultTestLoader reorder_by = (TestCase, SimpleTestCase) def __init__(self, pattern=None, top_level=None, verbosity=1, interactive=True, failfast=False, keepdb=False, reverse=False, debug_mode=False, debug_sql=False, parallel=0, tags=None, exclude_tags=None, test_name_patterns=None, pdb=False, **kwargs): self.pattern = pattern self.top_level = top_level self.verbosity = verbosity self.interactive = interactive self.failfast = failfast self.keepdb = keepdb self.reverse = reverse self.debug_mode = debug_mode self.debug_sql = debug_sql self.parallel = parallel self.tags = set(tags or []) self.exclude_tags = set(exclude_tags or []) self.pdb = pdb if self.pdb and self.parallel > 1: raise ValueError('You cannot use --pdb with parallel tests; pass --parallel=1 to use it.') self.test_name_patterns = None if test_name_patterns: # unittest does not export the _convert_select_pattern function # that converts command-line arguments to patterns. self.test_name_patterns = { pattern if '*' in pattern else '*%s*' % pattern for pattern in test_name_patterns } @classmethod def add_arguments(cls, parser): parser.add_argument( '-t', '--top-level-directory', dest='top_level', help='Top level of project for unittest discovery.', ) parser.add_argument( '-p', '--pattern', default="test*.py", help='The test matching pattern. Defaults to test*.py.', ) parser.add_argument( '--keepdb', action='store_true', help='Preserves the test DB between runs.' ) parser.add_argument( '-r', '--reverse', action='store_true', help='Reverses test cases order.', ) parser.add_argument( '--debug-mode', action='store_true', help='Sets settings.DEBUG to True.', ) parser.add_argument( '-d', '--debug-sql', action='store_true', help='Prints logged SQL queries on failure.', ) parser.add_argument( '--parallel', nargs='?', default=1, type=int, const=default_test_processes(), metavar='N', help='Run tests using up to N parallel processes.', ) parser.add_argument( '--tag', action='append', dest='tags', help='Run only tests with the specified tag. Can be used multiple times.', ) parser.add_argument( '--exclude-tag', action='append', dest='exclude_tags', help='Do not run tests with the specified tag. Can be used multiple times.', ) parser.add_argument( '--pdb', action='store_true', help='Runs a debugger (pdb, or ipdb if installed) on error or failure.' ) if PY37: parser.add_argument( '-k', action='append', dest='test_name_patterns', help=( 'Only run test methods and classes that match the pattern ' 'or substring. Can be used multiple times. Same as ' 'unittest -k option.' ), ) def setup_test_environment(self, **kwargs): setup_test_environment(debug=self.debug_mode) unittest.installHandler() def build_suite(self, test_labels=None, extra_tests=None, **kwargs): suite = self.test_suite() test_labels = test_labels or ['.'] extra_tests = extra_tests or [] self.test_loader.testNamePatterns = self.test_name_patterns discover_kwargs = {} if self.pattern is not None: discover_kwargs['pattern'] = self.pattern if self.top_level is not None: discover_kwargs['top_level_dir'] = self.top_level for label in test_labels: kwargs = discover_kwargs.copy() tests = None label_as_path = os.path.abspath(label) # if a module, or "module.ClassName[.method_name]", just run those if not os.path.exists(label_as_path): tests = self.test_loader.loadTestsFromName(label) elif os.path.isdir(label_as_path) and not self.top_level: # Try to be a bit smarter than unittest about finding the # default top-level for a given directory path, to avoid # breaking relative imports. (Unittest's default is to set # top-level equal to the path, which means relative imports # will result in "Attempted relative import in non-package."). # We'd be happy to skip this and require dotted module paths # (which don't cause this problem) instead of file paths (which # do), but in the case of a directory in the cwd, which would # be equally valid if considered as a top-level module or as a # directory path, unittest unfortunately prefers the latter. top_level = label_as_path while True: init_py = os.path.join(top_level, '__init__.py') if os.path.exists(init_py): try_next = os.path.dirname(top_level) if try_next == top_level: # __init__.py all the way down? give up. break top_level = try_next continue break kwargs['top_level_dir'] = top_level if not (tests and tests.countTestCases()) and is_discoverable(label): # Try discovery if path is a package or directory tests = self.test_loader.discover(start_dir=label, **kwargs) # Make unittest forget the top-level dir it calculated from this # run, to support running tests from two different top-levels. self.test_loader._top_level_dir = None suite.addTests(tests) for test in extra_tests: suite.addTest(test) if self.tags or self.exclude_tags: if self.verbosity >= 2: if self.tags: print('Including test tag(s): %s.' % ', '.join(sorted(self.tags))) if self.exclude_tags: print('Excluding test tag(s): %s.' % ', '.join(sorted(self.exclude_tags))) suite = filter_tests_by_tags(suite, self.tags, self.exclude_tags) suite = reorder_suite(suite, self.reorder_by, self.reverse) if self.parallel > 1: parallel_suite = self.parallel_test_suite(suite, self.parallel, self.failfast) # Since tests are distributed across processes on a per-TestCase # basis, there's no need for more processes than TestCases. parallel_units = len(parallel_suite.subsuites) self.parallel = min(self.parallel, parallel_units) # If there's only one TestCase, parallelization isn't needed. if self.parallel > 1: suite = parallel_suite return suite def setup_databases(self, **kwargs): return _setup_databases( self.verbosity, self.interactive, self.keepdb, self.debug_sql, self.parallel, **kwargs ) def get_resultclass(self): if self.debug_sql: return DebugSQLTextTestResult elif self.pdb: return PDBDebugResult def get_test_runner_kwargs(self): return { 'failfast': self.failfast, 'resultclass': self.get_resultclass(), 'verbosity': self.verbosity, } def run_checks(self): # Checks are run after database creation since some checks require # database access. call_command('check', verbosity=self.verbosity) def run_suite(self, suite, **kwargs): kwargs = self.get_test_runner_kwargs() runner = self.test_runner(**kwargs) return runner.run(suite) def teardown_databases(self, old_config, **kwargs): """Destroy all the non-mirror databases.""" _teardown_databases( old_config, verbosity=self.verbosity, parallel=self.parallel, keepdb=self.keepdb, ) def teardown_test_environment(self, **kwargs): unittest.removeHandler() teardown_test_environment() def suite_result(self, suite, result, **kwargs): return len(result.failures) + len(result.errors) def _get_databases(self, suite): databases = set() for test in suite: if isinstance(test, unittest.TestCase): test_databases = getattr(test, 'databases', None) if test_databases == '__all__': return set(connections) if test_databases: databases.update(test_databases) else: databases.update(self._get_databases(test)) return databases def get_databases(self, suite): databases = self._get_databases(suite) if self.verbosity >= 2: unused_databases = [alias for alias in connections if alias not in databases] if unused_databases: print('Skipping setup of unused database(s): %s.' % ', '.join(sorted(unused_databases))) return databases def run_tests(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs): """ Run the unit tests for all the test labels in the provided list. Test labels should be dotted Python paths to test modules, test classes, or test methods. A list of 'extra' tests may also be provided; these tests will be added to the test suite. Return the number of tests that failed. """ self.setup_test_environment() suite = self.build_suite(test_labels, extra_tests) databases = self.get_databases(suite) old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases) run_failed = False try: self.run_checks() result = self.run_suite(suite) except Exception: run_failed = True raise finally: try: self.teardown_databases(old_config) self.teardown_test_environment() except Exception: # Silence teardown exceptions if an exception was raised during # runs to avoid shadowing it. if not run_failed: raise return self.suite_result(suite, result) def is_discoverable(label): """ Check if a test label points to a Python package or file directory. Relative labels like "." and ".." are seen as directories. """ try: mod = import_module(label) except (ImportError, TypeError): pass else: return hasattr(mod, '__path__') return os.path.isdir(os.path.abspath(label)) def reorder_suite(suite, classes, reverse=False): """ Reorder a test suite by test type. `classes` is a sequence of types All tests of type classes[0] are placed first, then tests of type classes[1], etc. Tests with no match in classes are placed last. If `reverse` is True, sort tests within classes in opposite order but don't reverse test classes. """ class_count = len(classes) suite_class = type(suite) bins = [OrderedSet() for i in range(class_count + 1)] partition_suite_by_type(suite, classes, bins, reverse=reverse) reordered_suite = suite_class() for i in range(class_count + 1): reordered_suite.addTests(bins[i]) return reordered_suite def partition_suite_by_type(suite, classes, bins, reverse=False): """ Partition a test suite by test type. Also prevent duplicated tests. classes is a sequence of types bins is a sequence of TestSuites, one more than classes reverse changes the ordering of tests within bins Tests of type classes[i] are added to bins[i], tests with no match found in classes are place in bins[-1] """ suite_class = type(suite) if reverse: suite = reversed(tuple(suite)) for test in suite: if isinstance(test, suite_class): partition_suite_by_type(test, classes, bins, reverse=reverse) else: for i in range(len(classes)): if isinstance(test, classes[i]): bins[i].add(test) break else: bins[-1].add(test) def partition_suite_by_case(suite): """Partition a test suite by test case, preserving the order of tests.""" groups = [] suite_class = type(suite) for test_type, test_group in itertools.groupby(suite, type): if issubclass(test_type, unittest.TestCase): groups.append(suite_class(test_group)) else: for item in test_group: groups.extend(partition_suite_by_case(item)) return groups def filter_tests_by_tags(suite, tags, exclude_tags): suite_class = type(suite) filtered_suite = suite_class() for test in suite: if isinstance(test, suite_class): filtered_suite.addTests(filter_tests_by_tags(test, tags, exclude_tags)) else: test_tags = set(getattr(test, 'tags', set())) test_fn_name = getattr(test, '_testMethodName', str(test)) test_fn = getattr(test, test_fn_name, test) test_fn_tags = set(getattr(test_fn, 'tags', set())) all_tags = test_tags.union(test_fn_tags) matched_tags = all_tags.intersection(tags) if (matched_tags or not tags) and not all_tags.intersection(exclude_tags): filtered_suite.addTest(test) return filtered_suite